In This Topic

General

The Where clause contains the criteria limiting the notifications that the OPC UA server sends - and the OPC UA client receives. The Where clause in OPC UA is similar to the WHERE clause in SQL queries, with the difference that ity operates on events and not on table rows: It is a filter that allows you to choose the events of interest, out of all events provided by the chosen notifier node in the OPC UA server. The OPC UA server itself controls which events are generated by the notifier (for particular types of events, this may be prescribed by OPC UA specifications or other standards). For example, the event might be triggered by a process value exceeding specific limit. In OPC UA, there is no generic way to influence which events get internally generated in the OPC UA server; but the Where clause allows you to pick the events that are of interest to your application.

Obviously, you can also do event filtering on the client side (in your application), and throw away the events that you do not need. But this aproach requires all these events be transferred from the server to the client, which represents a load on all parts involved (server, network, client). Not all filtering criteria can be specified using the Where clause, but whenever you can, you should use it, because the filtering then occurs in the OPC UA server and close to the source, which greatly reduces the load on other parts of the system.

Coding

The Where clause of the event filter is represented using the UAContentFilterElement object. This objects contains the filter operand to be evaluated (the FilterOperator property, which is a UAFilterOperator enumeration), and the operands used by the selected operator (the FilterOperands property, which is a UAFilterOperandCollection). The UAFilterOperator enumeration contains all operators supported by OPC UA (Equals, IsNull, GreaterThan, LessThan, GreaterThanOrEqual, LessThanOrEqual, Like, Not, Between, InList, And, Or, Cast, InView, OfType, RelatedTo, BitwiseAnd, BitwiseOr). The UAFilterOperandCollection is a collection of content filter operands (UAFilterOperand).

The UAFilterOperand is a base class for four different types of filter operands: UAAttributeOperand (an operand consisting of an attribute of a node in a type, with optional relative path and alias), UAContentFilterElement (essentially, an operator with operands), UALiteralOperand (an operand consisting of a literal value), or UASimpleAttributeOperand (an operand consisting of an attribute of a node in a type, with optional simple relative path, and no alias).

In order to make the creation of Where clauses appear shorter in the code, a UAContentFilterElementBuilder class is provided. Instances of this builder can be implicitly converted to the content filter element itself (hence you can create just the UAContentFilterElementBuilder objects, and use them at all places where the UAContentFilterElement object is expected). The builder contains an operator and is a collection of operands; you can use the C# collection initializer to specify the operands.

For further simplification of the coding, the UAFilterElements static class provides an easy way to construct basic filter elements (literal, attribute, or a simple attribute), and elements with various operators. Using the UAFilterElements class is for most cases the recommended way to create the Where clause of the event filter. For example, UAFilterElements.GreaterThanOrEqual creates a Where clause with the ‘>=’ operator. There are methods for each of the OPC UA operators, with various overloads. The UAFilterElements.Attribute, UAFilterElements.Literal and UAFilterElements.SimpleAttribute methods can be used to create other types of filter elements. Moreover, useful overloads exist that assure that you can actually use .NET objects directly as values of operands, and they will be interpreted as literal elements. With use of all these code simplifying features, you can write, for example, the following Where clause:

UAFilterElements.GreaterThanOrEqual(UABaseEventObject.Operands.Severity, 500).

Example

.NET

// This example shows how to specify criteria for event notifications.
//
// Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

using System;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace.Standard;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AlarmsAndConditions;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.OperationModel;

namespace UADocExamples.AlarmsAndConditions
{
    class WhereClause
    {
        public static void Main1()
        {
            UAEndpointDescriptor endpointDescriptor =
                "opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer";

            // Instantiate the client object and hook events.
            var client = new EasyUAClient();
            client.EventNotification += client_EventNotification;

            Console.WriteLine("Subscribing...");
            client.SubscribeEvent(
                endpointDescriptor,
                UAObjectIds.Server,
                1000,
                new UAEventFilterBuilder(
                    // Either the severity is >= 500, or the event comes from a specified source node
                    UAFilterElements.Or(
                        UAFilterElements.GreaterThanOrEqual(UABaseEventObject.Operands.Severity, 500),
                        UAFilterElements.Equals(
                            UABaseEventObject.Operands.SourceNode, 
                            new UANodeId("nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/Quickstarts/AlarmCondition ;ns=2;s=1:Metals/SouthMotor"))),
                    UABaseEventObject.AllFields));

            Console.WriteLine("Processing event notifications for 30 seconds...");
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(30 * 1000);

            Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing...");
            client.UnsubscribeAllMonitoredItems();

            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 5 seconds...");
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5 * 1000);

            Console.WriteLine("Finished.");
        }

        static void client_EventNotification(object sender, EasyUAEventNotificationEventArgs e)
        {
            // Display the event.
            Console.WriteLine(e);
        }


        // Example output:
        //
        //Subscribing...
        //13000008
        //Processing event notifications for 30 seconds...
        //[] Success
        //[] Success; Refresh; RefreshInitiated
        //[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {DialogConditionType} "The dialog was activated" @9/9/2021 2:22:18 PM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 700! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:17:59 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 900! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:17:57 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm is active." @9/22/2021 7:17:59 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/9/2021 3:39:51 PM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/9/2021 3:38:57 PM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; Refresh; RefreshComplete
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm was deactivated by the system." @9/22/2021 7:18:05 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 300! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:08 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 900! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:10 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm is active." @9/22/2021 7:18:13 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 500! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:17 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm was deactivated by the system." @9/22/2021 7:18:21 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 300! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:21 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 700! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:26 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 500! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:29 AM (10 fields)
        //[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm is active." @9/22/2021 7:18:32 AM (10 fields)
        //Unsubscribing...
        //Waiting for 5 seconds...
        //Finished.
    }
}

# This example shows how to specify criteria for event notifications.
#
# Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

#requires -Version 5.1
using namespace OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA
using namespace OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace
using namespace OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace.Standard

# The path below assumes that the current directory is [ProductDir]/Examples-NET/PowerShell/Windows .
Add-Type -Path "../../../Components/Opclabs.QuickOpc/net472/OpcLabs.EasyOpcUA.dll"
Add-Type -Path "../../../Components/Opclabs.QuickOpc/net472/OpcLabs.EasyOpcUAComponents.dll"

# Define which server we will work with.
[UAEndpointDescriptor]$endpointDescriptor = "opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer"

# Instantiate the client object.
$client = New-Object EasyUAClient

# Event notification handler
Register-ObjectEvent -InputObject $client -EventName EventNotification -Action { 
    # Display the event.
    Write-Host $EventArgs
}

Write-Host "Subscribing..."
[IEasyUAClientExtension]::SubscribeEvent($client, 
    $endpointDescriptor, 
    [UAObjectIds]::Server, 
    1000,
    [UAEventFilter](New-Object UAEventFilterBuilder(
        [UAFilterElements]::Equals(
            [UABaseEventObject+Operands]::SourceNode, 
            (New-Object UANodeId("nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/Quickstarts/AlarmCondition ;ns=2;s=1:Metals/SouthMotor"))),
        [UABaseEventObject]::AllFields))
    )

Write-Host "Processing event notifications for 30 seconds..."
$stopwatch =  [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew() 
while ($stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds -lt 30) {    
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
}

Write-Host "Unsubscribing..."
$client.UnsubscribeAllMonitoredItems()

Write-Host "Waiting for 5 seconds..."
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5

Write-Host "Finished."


# Example output:
#
#Subscribing...
#13000008
#Processing event notifications for 30 seconds...
#[] Success
#[] Success; Refresh; RefreshInitiated
#[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {DialogConditionType} "The dialog was activated" @9/9/2021 2:22:18 PM (10 fields)
#[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 700! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:17:59 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 900! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:17:57 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm is active." @9/22/2021 7:17:59 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/9/2021 3:39:51 PM (10 fields)
#[] Success; Refresh; [SouthMotor] 100! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/9/2021 3:38:57 PM (10 fields)
#[] Success; Refresh; RefreshComplete
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm was deactivated by the system." @9/22/2021 7:18:05 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 300! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:08 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 900! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:10 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm is active." @9/22/2021 7:18:13 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 500! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:17 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm was deactivated by the system." @9/22/2021 7:18:21 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 300! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:21 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 700! {TripAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:26 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 500! {NonExclusiveLevelAlarmType} "The alarm severity has increased." @9/22/2021 7:18:29 AM (10 fields)
#[] Success; [SouthMotor] 100! {ExclusiveDeviationAlarmType} "The alarm is active." @9/22/2021 7:18:32 AM (10 fields)
#Unsubscribing...
#Waiting for 5 seconds...
#Finished.

# This example shows how to specify criteria for event notifications.
#
# Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .
# OPC client and subscriber examples in Python on GitHub: https://github.com/OPCLabs/Examples-QuickOPC-Python .
# The QuickOPC package is needed. Install it using "pip install opclabs_quickopc".
import opclabs_quickopc
import time

# Import .NET namespaces.
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace.Standard import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AlarmsAndConditions import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.OperationModel import *


def eventNotification(sender, eventArgs):
    # Display the event.
    print(eventArgs)


# Define which server we will work with.
endpointDescriptor = UAEndpointDescriptor('opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer')

# Instantiate the client object and hook events.
client = EasyUAClient()
client.EventNotification += eventNotification

print('Subscribing...')

eventFilterBuilder = UAEventFilterBuilder(
    # Either the severity is >= 500, or the event comes from a specified source node.
    UAFilterElements.Or(
        UAFilterElements.GreaterThanOrEqual(UABaseEventObject.Operands.Severity, 500),
        UAFilterElements.Equals(
            UABaseEventObject.Operands.SourceNode,
            UANodeId('nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/Quickstarts/AlarmCondition ;ns=2;s=1:Metals/SouthMotor'))),
    UABaseEventObject.AllFields)

IEasyUAClientExtension.SubscribeEvent(
    client,
    endpointDescriptor,
    UANodeDescriptor(UAObjectIds.Server),
    1000,
    UAEventFilterBuilder.ToUAEventFilter(eventFilterBuilder))

print('Processing event notifications for 30 seconds...')
time.sleep(30)

print('Unsubscribing...')
client.UnsubscribeAllMonitoredItems()

print('Waiting for 5 seconds...')
time.sleep(5)

print('Finished.')

' This example shows how to specify criteria for event notifications.
'
' Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace.Standard
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AlarmsAndConditions
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.OperationModel

Namespace AlarmsAndConditions
    Friend Class WhereClause
        Public Shared Sub Main1()
            ' Instantiate the client object and hook events
            Dim client = New EasyUAClient()
            AddHandler client.EventNotification, AddressOf client_EventNotification

            Console.WriteLine("Subscribing...")
            ' Either the severity is >= 500, or the event comes from a specified source node
            client.SubscribeEvent( _
                "opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer", _
                UAObjectIds.Server, _
                1000, _
                New UAEventFilterBuilder( _
                    UAFilterElements.Or( _
                        UAFilterElements.GreaterThanOrEqual(UABaseEventObject.Operands.Severity, 500),
                        UAFilterElements.Equals( _
                            UABaseEventObject.Operands.SourceNode,
                            New UANodeId("nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/Quickstarts/AlarmCondition ;ns=2;s=1:Metals/SouthMotor"))),
                    UABaseEventObject.AllFields))

            Console.WriteLine("Processing event notifications for 30 seconds...")
            Threading.Thread.Sleep(30 * 1000)

            Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing...")
            client.UnsubscribeAllMonitoredItems()

            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 5 seconds...")
            Threading.Thread.Sleep(5 * 1000)
        End Sub

        Private Shared Sub client_EventNotification(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EasyUAEventNotificationEventArgs)
            ' Display the event
            Console.WriteLine(e)
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

COM

// This example shows how to specify criteria for event notifications.
//
// Find all latest examples here : https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

type
  THelperMethods10 = class
    class function ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType: _UANodeId; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(TypeId: _UANodeId; simpleRelativeBrowsePathString: string): _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity: _UASimpleAttributeOperand; static;
    class function UABaseEventObject_AllFields: _UAAttributeFieldCollection; static;
  end;

type
  TClientEventHandlers10 = class
    procedure Client_EventNotification(
      ASender: TObject;
      sender: OleVariant;
      const eventArgs: _EasyUAEventNotificationEventArgs);
  end;

procedure TClientEventHandlers10.Client_EventNotification(
  ASender: TObject;
  sender: OleVariant;
  const eventArgs: _EasyUAEventNotificationEventArgs);
begin
  // Display the event
  WriteLn(eventArgs.ToString);
end;

class procedure WhereClause.Main;
const
  UAObjectIds_Server = 'nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/UA/;i=2253';
var
  Arguments: OleVariant;
  Client: TEasyUAClient;
  ClientEventHandlers: TClientEventHandlers10;
  Element1, Element2: _UAContentFilterElement;
  EndpointDescriptor: string;
  EventFilter: _UAEventFilter;
  MonitoredItemArguments: _EasyUAMonitoredItemArguments;
  MonitoringParameters: _UAMonitoringParameters;
  Operand1, Operand3: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  Operand2, Operand4: _UALiteralOperand;
  SourceNodeId: _UANodeId;
  WhereClause: _UAContentFilterElement;
begin
  EndpointDescriptor := 'opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer';

  // Instantiate the client object and hook events
  Client := TEasyUAClient.Create(nil);
  ClientEventHandlers := TClientEventHandlers10.Create;
  Client.OnEventNotification := ClientEventHandlers.Client_EventNotification;

  WriteLn('Subscribing...');

  WhereClause := CoUAContentFilterElement.Create;

  // Either the severity is >= 500, or the event comes from a specified source node
  Operand1 := THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity;
  Operand2 := CoUALiteralOperand.Create;
  Operand2.Value := 500;
  Element1 := CoUAContentFilterElement.Create;
  Element1.FilterOperator := UAFilterOperator_GreaterThanOrEqual;
  Element1.FilterOperands.Add(Operand1);
  Element1.FilterOperands.Add(Operand2);
  Operand3 := THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode;
  SourceNodeId := CoUANodeId.Create;
  SourceNodeId.ExpandedText := 'nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/Quickstarts/AlarmCondition;ns=2;s=1:Metals/SouthMotor';
  Operand4 := CoUALiteralOperand.Create;
  Operand4.Value := SourceNodeId;
  Element2 := CoUAContentFilterElement.Create;
  Element2.FilterOperator := UAFilterOperator_Equals;
  Element2.FilterOperands.Add(Operand3);
  Element2.FilterOperands.Add(Operand4);
  WhereClause.FilterOperator := UAFilterOperator_Or;
  WhereClause.FilterOperands.Add(Element1);
  WhereClause.FilterOperands.Add(Element2);

  EventFilter := CoUAEventFilter.Create;
  EventFilter.SelectClauses := THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_AllFields;
  EventFilter.WhereClause := WhereClause;

  MonitoringParameters := CoUAMonitoringParameters.Create;
  MonitoringParameters.SamplingInterval := 1000;
  MonitoringParameters.EventFilter := EventFilter;
  MonitoringParameters.QueueSize := 1000;

  MonitoredItemArguments := CoEasyUAMonitoredItemArguments.Create;
  MonitoredItemArguments.EndpointDescriptor.UrlString := 'opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer';
  MonitoredItemArguments.NodeDescriptor.NodeId.StandardName := 'Server';
  MonitoredItemArguments.MonitoringParameters := MonitoringParameters;
  //MonitoredItemArguments.SubscriptionParameters.PublishingInterval := 0;
  MonitoredItemArguments.AttributeId := UAAttributeId_EventNotifier;

  Arguments := VarArrayCreate([0, 0], varVariant);
  Arguments[0] := MonitoredItemArguments;

  Client.SubscribeMultipleMonitoredItems(Arguments);

  WriteLn('Processing event notifications for 30 seconds...');
  PumpSleep(30*1000);

  WriteLn('Unsubscribing...');
  Client.UnsubscribeAllMonitoredItems;

  WriteLn('Waiting for 5 seconds...');
  Sleep(5*1000);

  WriteLn('Finished.');
  VarClear(Arguments);
  FreeAndNil(Client);
  FreeAndNil(ClientEventHandlers);
end;


class function THelperMethods10.ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType: _UANodeId;
  var NodeId: _UANodeId;
  begin
    NodeId := CoUANodeId.Create;
    NodeId.StandardName := 'BaseEventType';
    Result := NodeId;
  end;

class function THelperMethods10.UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(TypeId: _UANodeId; simpleRelativeBrowsePathString: string): _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
var
  BrowsePathParser: _UABrowsePathParser;
  Operand: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  BrowsePathParser := CoUABrowsePathParser.Create;
  Operand := CoUASimpleAttributeOperand.Create;
  Operand.TypeId.NodeId := TypeId;
  Operand.QualifiedNames := BrowsePathParser.ParseRelative(simpleRelativeBrowsePathString).ToUAQualifiedNameCollection;
  Result := Operand;
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/EventId');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/EventType');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
var
  Operand: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Operand := CoUASimpleAttributeOperand.Create;
  Operand.TypeId.NodeId.StandardName := 'BaseEventType';
  Operand.AttributeId := UAAttributeId_NodeId;
  Result := Operand;
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/SourceNode');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/SourceName');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/Time');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/ReceiveTime');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/LocalTime');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/Message');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity: _UASimpleAttributeOperand;
begin
  Result := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/Severity');
end;

class function THelperMethods10.UABaseEventObject_AllFields: _UAAttributeFieldCollection;
var
  Fields: _UAAttributeFieldCollection;
begin
  Fields := CoUAAttributeFieldCollection.Create;
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message.ToUAAttributeField);
  Fields.Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity.ToUAAttributeField);

  Result := Fields;
end;

// This example shows how to specify criteria for event notifications.
//
// Find all latest examples here : https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

const UAAttributeId_NodeId = 1;
const UAAttributeId_EventNotifier = 12;

const UAFilterOperator_Equals = 1;
const UAFilterOperator_GreaterThanOrEqual = 5;
const UAFilterOperator_Or = 12;

const UAObjectIds_Server = 'nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/UA/;i=2253';

class ClientEvents {
    function EventNotification($Sender, $E)
    {
        // Display the event
        printf("%s\n", $E);
    }
}

$EndpointDescriptor = "opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer";

// Instantiate the client object and hook events
$Client = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.EasyUAClient");
$ClientEvents = new ClientEvents();
com_event_sink($Client, $ClientEvents, "DEasyUAClientEvents");

$WhereClause = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering.UAContentFilterElement");

// Either the severity is >= 500, or the event comes from a specified source node
$Operand1 = UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity();
$Operand2 = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering.UALiteralOperand");
$Operand2->Value = 500;
$Element1 = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering.UAContentFilterElement");
$Element1->FilterOperator = UAFilterOperator_GreaterThanOrEqual;
$Element1->FilterOperands->Add($Operand1);
$Element1->FilterOperands->Add($Operand2);
$Operand3 = UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode();
$SourceNodeId = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace.UANodeId");
$SourceNodeId->ExpandedText = "nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/Quickstarts/AlarmCondition;ns=2;s=1:Metals/SouthMotor";
$Operand4 = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering.UALiteralOperand");
$Operand4->Value = $SourceNodeId;
$Element2 = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering.UAContentFilterElement");
$Element2->FilterOperator = UAFilterOperator_Equals;
$Element2->FilterOperands->Add($Operand3);
$Element2->FilterOperands->Add($Operand4);
$WhereClause->FilterOperator = UAFilterOperator_Or;
$WhereClause->FilterOperands->Add($Element1);
$WhereClause->FilterOperands->Add($Element2);

$EventFilter = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.UAEventFilter");
$EventFilter->SelectClauses = UABaseEventObject_AllFields();
$EventFilter->WhereClause = $WhereClause;

$MonitoringParameters = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.UAMonitoringParameters");
$MonitoringParameters->SamplingInterval = 1000;
$MonitoringParameters->EventFilter = $EventFilter;
$MonitoringParameters->QueueSize = 1000;

$MonitoredItemArguments = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.OperationModel.EasyUAMonitoredItemArguments");
$MonitoredItemArguments->EndpointDescriptor->UrlString = $EndpointDescriptor;
$MonitoredItemArguments->NodeDescriptor->NodeId->StandardName = "Server";
$MonitoredItemArguments->MonitoringParameters = $MonitoringParameters;
/$MonitoredItemArguments->SubscriptionParameters->PublishingInterval = 0;
$MonitoredItemArguments->AttributeId = UAAttributeId_EventNotifier;

$arguments[0] = $MonitoredItemArguments;

printf("Subscribing...\n");
$Client->SubscribeMultipleMonitoredItems($arguments);

printf("Processing monitored item changed events for 30 seconds...\n");
$startTime = time(); do { com_message_pump(1000); } while (time() < $startTime + 30);

printf("Unsubscribing...\n");
$Client->UnsubscribeAllMonitoredItems;

printf("Waiting for 5 seconds...\n");
$startTime = time(); do { com_message_pump(1000); } while (time() < $startTime + 5);


function ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType() {
    $NodeId = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.AddressSpace.UANodeId");
    $NodeId->StandardName = "BaseEventType";
    return $NodeId;
}

function UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute($TypeId, $simpleRelativeBrowsePathString) {
  $BrowsePathParser = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Navigation.Parsing.UABrowsePathParser");
  $Operand = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering.UASimpleAttributeOperand");
  $Operand->TypeId->NodeId = $TypeId;
  $Operand->QualifiedNames = $BrowsePathParser->ParseRelative($simpleRelativeBrowsePathString)->ToUAQualifiedNameCollection;
  return $Operand;
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId() {
    $Operand = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.Filtering.UASimpleAttributeOperand");
    $Operand->TypeId->NodeId->StandardName = "BaseEventType";
    $Operand->AttributeId = UAAttributeId_NodeId;
    return $Operand;
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/EventId");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/EventType");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/SourceNode");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/SourceName");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/Time");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/ReceiveTime");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/LocalTime");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/Message");
}

function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity() {
  return UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType(), "/Severity");
}

function UABaseEventObject_AllFields() {
    $Fields = new COM("OpcLabs.EasyOpc.UA.UAAttributeFieldCollection");
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message()->ToUAAttributeField);
    $Fields->Add(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity()->ToUAAttributeField);

    return $Fields;
}

// This example shows how to specify criteria for event notifications.
//
// Find all latest examples here : https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

type
  TClientEventHandlers3 = class
    procedure OnEventNotification(
      Sender: TObject;
      sender0: OleVariant;
      eventArgs: _EasyUAEventNotificationEventArgs);
  end;

procedure TClientEventHandlers3.OnEventNotification(
  Sender: TObject;
  sender0: OleVariant;
  eventArgs: _EasyUAEventNotificationEventArgs);
begin
  // Display the event
  WriteLn(eventArgs.ToString);
end;

class procedure WhereClause.Main;

  function ToUAAttributeField(Operand: UASimpleAttributeOperand): UAAttributeField;
  var
    AttributeField: UAAttributeField;
  begin
    AttributeField := CoUAAttributeField.Create;
    AttributeField.Operand := Operand;
    ToUAAttributeField := AttributeField;
  end;

  function ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType: UANodeId;
  var
    NodeId: UANodeId;
  begin
    NodeId := CoUANodeId.Create;
    NodeId.StandardName := 'BaseEventType';
    ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType := NodeId;
  end;

  function UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(TypeId: UANodeId; SimpleRelativeBrowsePathString: string): UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  var
    Operand: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
    BrowsePathParser: UABrowsePathParser;
  begin
    BrowsePathParser := CoUABrowsePathParser.Create;
    Operand := CoUASimpleAttributeOperand.Create;
    Operand.TypeId.NodeId := TypeId;
    Operand.QualifiedNames := BrowsePathParser.ParseRelative(SimpleRelativeBrowsePathString).ToUAQualifiedNameCollection;
    UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute := Operand;
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  var
    Operand: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    Operand := CoUASimpleAttributeOperand.Create;
    Operand.TypeId.NodeId.StandardName := 'BaseEventType';
    Operand.AttributeId := UAAttributeId_NodeId;
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId := Operand;
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/EventId');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/EventType');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/SourceNode');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/SourceName');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/Time');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/ReceiveTime');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/LocalTime');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/Message');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  begin
    UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity := UAFilterElements_SimpleAttribute(ObjectTypeIds_BaseEventType, '/Severity');
  end;

  function UABaseEventObject_AllFields: UAAttributeFieldCollection;
  var
    Fields: UAAttributeFieldCollection;
  begin
    Fields := CoUAAttributeFieldCollection.Create;

    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_NodeId));

    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventId));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_EventType));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceName));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Time));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_ReceiveTime));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_LocalTime));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Message));
    Fields.Add(ToUAAttributeField(UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity));

    UABaseEventObject_AllFields := Fields;
  end;

var
  Arguments: OleVariant;
  EvsClient: TEvsEasyUAClient;
  Client: EasyUAClient;
  ClientEventHandlers: TClientEventHandlers3;
  Handle: Cardinal;
  HandleArray: OleVariant;
  MonitoredItemArguments: EasyUAMonitoredItemArguments;
  MonitoringParameters: UAMonitoringParameters;
  EventFilter: UAEventFilter;
  WhereClause: UAContentFilterElement;
  Operand1: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  Operand2: UALiteralOperand;
  Operand3: UASimpleAttributeOperand;
  Operand4: UALiteralOperand;
  SourceNodeId: UANodeId;
  Element1, Element2: UAContentFilterElement;
  BaseEventType: UANodeId;
begin
  // Instantiate the client object and hook events
  EvsClient := TEvsEasyUAClient.Create(nil);
  Client := EvsClient.ComServer;
  ClientEventHandlers := TClientEventHandlers3.Create;
  EvsClient.OnEventNotification := @ClientEventHandlers.OnEventNotification;

  WriteLn('Subscribing...');

  WhereClause := CoUAContentFilterElement.Create;
  BaseEventType := CoUaNodeId.Create;
  BaseEventType.StandardName := 'BaseEventType';

  // Either the severity is >= 500, or the event comes from a specified source node
  Operand1 := UABaseEventObject_Operands_Severity;
  Operand2 := CoUALiteralOperand.Create;
  Operand2.Value := 500;
  Element1 := CoUAContentFilterElement.Create;
  Element1.FilterOperator := UAFilterOperator_GreaterThanOrEqual;
  Element1.FilterOperands.Add(Operand1);
  Element1.FilterOperands.Add(Operand2);
  Operand3 := UABaseEventObject_Operands_SourceNode;
  SourceNodeId := CoUANodeId.Create;
  SourceNodeId.ExpandedText := 'nsu=http://opcfoundation.org/Quickstarts/AlarmCondition;ns=2;s=1:Metals/SouthMotor';
  Operand4 := CoUALiteralOperand.Create;
  Operand4.Value := SourceNodeId;
  Element2 := CoUAContentFilterElement.Create;
  Element2.FilterOperator := UAFilterOperator_Equals;
  Element2.FilterOperands.Add(Operand3);
  Element2.FilterOperands.Add(Operand4);
  WhereClause.FilterOperator := UAFilterOperator_Or;
  WhereClause.FilterOperands.Add(Element1);
  WhereClause.FilterOperands.Add(Element2);

  EventFilter := CoUAEventFilter.Create;
  EventFilter.SelectClauses := UABaseEventObject_AllFields;
  EventFilter.WhereClause := WhereClause;

  MonitoringParameters := CoUAMonitoringParameters.Create;
  MonitoringParameters.SamplingInterval := 1000;
  MonitoringParameters.EventFilter := EventFilter;
  MonitoringParameters.QueueSize := 1000;

  MonitoredItemArguments := CoEasyUAMonitoredItemArguments.Create;
  MonitoredItemArguments.EndpointDescriptor.UrlString := 'opc.tcp://opcua.demo-this.com:62544/Quickstarts/AlarmConditionServer';
  MonitoredItemArguments.NodeDescriptor.NodeId.StandardName := 'Server';
  MonitoredItemArguments.MonitoringParameters := MonitoringParameters;
  //MonitoredItemArguments.SubscriptionParameters.PublishingInterval := 0;
  MonitoredItemArguments.AttributeId := UAAttributeId_EventNotifier;

  Arguments := VarArrayCreate([0, 0], varVariant);
  Arguments[0] := MonitoredItemArguments;

  TVarData(HandleArray).VType := varArray or varVariant;
  TVarData(HandleArray).VArray := PVarArray(
    Client.SubscribeMultipleMonitoredItems(PSafeArray(TVarData(Arguments).VArray)));

  WriteLn('Processing event notifications for 30 seconds...');
  PumpSleep(30*1000);

  WriteLn('Unsubscribing...');
  Client.UnsubscribeAllMonitoredItems;

  WriteLn('Waiting for 5 seconds...');
  PumpSleep(5*1000);

  WriteLn('Finished...');
end;